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Until last year cryptocurrency was something that warren buffet resisted and this year it became an asset class. So what exactly cryptocurrency is , to understand what it we should first know what money is. In simple term money equals to value .Money is all about how we transfer it . You must have all seen that there is something written on a note saying " I promise to pay the bearer the xyz sum of money".

Time by time when professions started increasing it became harder to find that one thing which is valuable for everyone . So as the world grew bigger it became difficult to find one uniform currency for everyone . Governments of different countries started printing their own notes and promised the people that these notes are valuable even though there is no underline asset to this piece of paper that it is valuable but we trust that it is valuable because we trust the government and it is their job to maintain that

Cryptocurrency is a form of digital money which can be stored on our computer , phone and it can be send peer to peer with no bank or intermediate .

Today as we transfer money through UPI , paypal and banks , there is someone to make to sure that transaction is legitimate it is bank's job to maintain record of that a person has sent some amount of money to this person .But since  cryptocurrency work on blockchain technology , there is one centralized leisure where all the records are processed and kept. If you hold a cryptocurrency you have a public key and a private key .